Early in this thread was a list of many studies. Thought I would add these bibliographies which include studies that have come out this year.
1. Research on finasteride/dutasteride by system/function
https://finasterideinfo.org/research-by-theme/
2. Bibliography by year, with about 15 studies...
Cool, you found the 2003 study from China—this was ahead of its time (and Merck attacked it when they had to answer questions from the Swedish regulator in the 2000s).
This bibliography organizes studies by system/function: https://finasterideinfo.org/research-by-theme/
And this one is...
Citations are in the paper. This is a short summary. Click the blue button on the web page to view or download the paper.
Those studies are also reviewed here:
https://finasterideinfo.org/review-penile-prostatic-alterations-finasteride/
This explanation proposes that dysfunctions arise from microvascular breakdown and inflammation leading to tissue damage in one or more systems:
A proposed explanation of lasting dysfunctions after use of finasteride or dutasteride
https://finasterideinfo.org/hypothesis-lasting-dysfunctions/
Some changes from finasteride are tangible. There's quite a bit of animal research on penile abnormalities linked to finasteride or dutasteride, and a few human studies have appeared on this.
Research review: Alterations to penile and prostatic tissue associated with finasteride and dutasteride...