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One of the biggest problems with manipulation of prostaglandins for hair growth is that manipulating prostaglandins may have effects on much more than just your hair - it can also affect your skin, aging, and general facial appearance.
By some sick joke of nature, it appears as if the prostaglandins that best encourage hair growth also have pro-aging effects - damaging capillaries, weakening collagen, and decreasing subcutaneous fat. That is to say: The prostaglandins that help our hair grow also make our faces look like sh*t.
I will try to review some of the evidence I'm aware of explaining how this happens. This will not be short, as there is a lot to discuss.
PGE2 & Its Negative Effects
I have been taking minoxidil tablets for a month. It doesn't take long to take minoxidil tablets to see all the side effects people complain about online with even chronic topical use. Your eyes get puffy as hell, the dark circles accumulate under them, and the skin looks weak and wrinkly. It's a pretty quick effect and very ugly.
Minoxidil is expected to work by increasing PGE2 (ref). PGE2 is the most hyped up prostaglandin which is supposed to promote hair growth very well.
Unfortunately, PGE2 is known to be an inflammatory mediator. PGE2 is increased in response to damage like sunburns (ref), which is why some people like to burn their scalp to try to promote hair growth (likely not a good idea overall). Known substances with anti-inflammatory effects like omega 3's inhibit PGE2 and PGE2 is generally considered "pro-inflammatory" (ref).
PGE2 is known to very potently inhibit collagen production (ref, ref). Increased PGE2 is a known mediator of age related changes to the skin, and its levels in the skin go up with age (ref).
Any approach to increase PGE2 will therefore almost certainly lead to decreased collagen production. Collagen is one of the most important substances to maintaining the quality of our skin. Collagen loss with age is one of the main reasons for the loss of suppleness in the skin and wrinkling.
Guys that are applying PGE2 gel to their scalp, will likely inevitably also suffer increase local inflammation and damage collagen, causing accelerated skin aging.
PGE1 which many of the prostaglandin guys have played with also has similarly negative effects on collagen (ref).
PGF2 alpha & Its Negative Effects
Bimatoprost and Latanoprost are the other two medications which are best studied to induce hair growth by manipulating prostaglandins. They both work as PGF2 alpha analogs (ref).
These are very powerful medications which have been used cosmetically to increase eyelash length, and people have used them topically as well on the scalp to promote hair growth. They are proven as effective for both. (ref)
Unfortunately, these medications when used around the eye have been shown to induce atrophy of both the muscles and fat in the area, leading to sunken, old, wrinkled looking eyes. You can review pics of this well known phenomenon here.
This horrible side effect is due to "fatty degeneration and reduced collagen fibers in the [eye muscles] caused by the prostaglandin or prostamide analogs." (ref) Such changes may be "irreversible" (ref).
So yet again, we have wonderful proven medications that can promote hair growth through manipulation of prostaglandins, but in doing so, they are trashing our collagen and causing our natural facial fat to atrophy and wither away making us look old.
PGD2 - A Universal Villain?
PGD2 is generally quoted as the biggest prostaglandin enemy of hair, based on evidence that it is elevated in areas of the scalp that are balding (ref).
Fortunately here we may get lucky! It appears PGD2 may be both bad for collagen/inflammation and hair. PGD2 reduces collagen production (ref), and is considered generally pro-inflammatory (ref), Therefore efforts to reduce PGD2's effects, may help both our skin quality and our hair growth.
Setipiprant/fevipiprant attempt to block PGD2 from binding to its receptor.
A better and safer approach is likely through the use of topical anithistamines like cetirizine or desloratadine, as these able to block both the production of PGD2 and numerous other inflammatory mediators (ref, ref). Topical 1% cetirizine has effectively promoted hair growth in two studies to date (ref, ref).
This is complicated however, by the case of niacin, which is known to increase PGD2 (ref) but also be anti-aging (ref), but possibly through two separate mechanisms. Personally I use niacin in all my topical preparations, as I believe promoting healthy skin and hair is more than about "just prostaglandins".
LLLT - Reduces PGE2 But Still Promotes Hair Growth
Laser caps and laser hair treatments are quite popular these days and they have reasonably consistent evidence that they are effective in promoting hair growth (ref).
Interestingly enough, they actually seem to have an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing PGE2 (ref, ref). This means they are working in a way that REDUCES aging effects from PGE2 while still stimulating hair growth. According to prostaglandin theorists, reducing PGE2 is a "bad thing" for hair, though here it is not.
It's theorized that LLLT promotes hair growth by activating chromophores (light sensitive compounds) within the mitochondria (energy powerhouses) of skin and hair cells (ref). This activation stimulates growth and tissue recovery, while suppressing inflammation.
THIS is what we need more of. We need more approaches or compounds which can simultaneously PROMOTE HAIR GROWTH while also STOPPING AGING/INFLAMMATION.
It's not fun growing your hair back if you end up looking like a beat up old man by the end of it. I'd much rather help my hair and skin at the same time. LLLT seems to be one good therapy for this. Hopefully we can find other ways to do this.
Questions
The biggest questions all this raises for me are:
By some sick joke of nature, it appears as if the prostaglandins that best encourage hair growth also have pro-aging effects - damaging capillaries, weakening collagen, and decreasing subcutaneous fat. That is to say: The prostaglandins that help our hair grow also make our faces look like sh*t.
I will try to review some of the evidence I'm aware of explaining how this happens. This will not be short, as there is a lot to discuss.
PGE2 & Its Negative Effects
I have been taking minoxidil tablets for a month. It doesn't take long to take minoxidil tablets to see all the side effects people complain about online with even chronic topical use. Your eyes get puffy as hell, the dark circles accumulate under them, and the skin looks weak and wrinkly. It's a pretty quick effect and very ugly.
Minoxidil is expected to work by increasing PGE2 (ref). PGE2 is the most hyped up prostaglandin which is supposed to promote hair growth very well.
Unfortunately, PGE2 is known to be an inflammatory mediator. PGE2 is increased in response to damage like sunburns (ref), which is why some people like to burn their scalp to try to promote hair growth (likely not a good idea overall). Known substances with anti-inflammatory effects like omega 3's inhibit PGE2 and PGE2 is generally considered "pro-inflammatory" (ref).
PGE2 is known to very potently inhibit collagen production (ref, ref). Increased PGE2 is a known mediator of age related changes to the skin, and its levels in the skin go up with age (ref).
Any approach to increase PGE2 will therefore almost certainly lead to decreased collagen production. Collagen is one of the most important substances to maintaining the quality of our skin. Collagen loss with age is one of the main reasons for the loss of suppleness in the skin and wrinkling.
Guys that are applying PGE2 gel to their scalp, will likely inevitably also suffer increase local inflammation and damage collagen, causing accelerated skin aging.
PGE1 which many of the prostaglandin guys have played with also has similarly negative effects on collagen (ref).
PGF2 alpha & Its Negative Effects
Bimatoprost and Latanoprost are the other two medications which are best studied to induce hair growth by manipulating prostaglandins. They both work as PGF2 alpha analogs (ref).
These are very powerful medications which have been used cosmetically to increase eyelash length, and people have used them topically as well on the scalp to promote hair growth. They are proven as effective for both. (ref)
Unfortunately, these medications when used around the eye have been shown to induce atrophy of both the muscles and fat in the area, leading to sunken, old, wrinkled looking eyes. You can review pics of this well known phenomenon here.
This horrible side effect is due to "fatty degeneration and reduced collagen fibers in the [eye muscles] caused by the prostaglandin or prostamide analogs." (ref) Such changes may be "irreversible" (ref).
So yet again, we have wonderful proven medications that can promote hair growth through manipulation of prostaglandins, but in doing so, they are trashing our collagen and causing our natural facial fat to atrophy and wither away making us look old.
PGD2 - A Universal Villain?
PGD2 is generally quoted as the biggest prostaglandin enemy of hair, based on evidence that it is elevated in areas of the scalp that are balding (ref).
Fortunately here we may get lucky! It appears PGD2 may be both bad for collagen/inflammation and hair. PGD2 reduces collagen production (ref), and is considered generally pro-inflammatory (ref), Therefore efforts to reduce PGD2's effects, may help both our skin quality and our hair growth.
Setipiprant/fevipiprant attempt to block PGD2 from binding to its receptor.
A better and safer approach is likely through the use of topical anithistamines like cetirizine or desloratadine, as these able to block both the production of PGD2 and numerous other inflammatory mediators (ref, ref). Topical 1% cetirizine has effectively promoted hair growth in two studies to date (ref, ref).
This is complicated however, by the case of niacin, which is known to increase PGD2 (ref) but also be anti-aging (ref), but possibly through two separate mechanisms. Personally I use niacin in all my topical preparations, as I believe promoting healthy skin and hair is more than about "just prostaglandins".
LLLT - Reduces PGE2 But Still Promotes Hair Growth
Laser caps and laser hair treatments are quite popular these days and they have reasonably consistent evidence that they are effective in promoting hair growth (ref).
Interestingly enough, they actually seem to have an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing PGE2 (ref, ref). This means they are working in a way that REDUCES aging effects from PGE2 while still stimulating hair growth. According to prostaglandin theorists, reducing PGE2 is a "bad thing" for hair, though here it is not.
It's theorized that LLLT promotes hair growth by activating chromophores (light sensitive compounds) within the mitochondria (energy powerhouses) of skin and hair cells (ref). This activation stimulates growth and tissue recovery, while suppressing inflammation.
THIS is what we need more of. We need more approaches or compounds which can simultaneously PROMOTE HAIR GROWTH while also STOPPING AGING/INFLAMMATION.
It's not fun growing your hair back if you end up looking like a beat up old man by the end of it. I'd much rather help my hair and skin at the same time. LLLT seems to be one good therapy for this. Hopefully we can find other ways to do this.
Questions
The biggest questions all this raises for me are:
- What prostaglandins or cytokines actually INDUCE and HELP PROMOTE collagen production? Ie. What mediators are ANTI-aging?
- What kind of horrible cosmic joke has led to the circumstance where some of the best proven growth stimulators (PGE2, PGF alpha) also inevitably destroy our skin and make us look old?
- WHY is inhibiting collagen in the skin and destroying fat tissue biologically linked to promoting hair growth? How do these two phenomena connect?
- Are there any topical additives or other treatments like LLLT we can use to mitigate the negative effects of things like PGE2 while maintaining the positive effects of agents like minoxidil? Are there other approaches we can take altogether?
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